How do you calculate concentration time?
There are many methods available to estimate the time of concentration including the Kirpich formula, Kerby formula, NRCS Velocity Method, and NRCS Lag Method. The NRCS Velocity and Lag methods are two of the most commonly used methods for determining time of concentration and are described below.
What is Kirpich formula?
The Kirpich Formula is used to estimate the time of concentration used in surface runoff design. The Kirpich equation was developed in 1940 from a study of 7 small (1.25 acres – 112 acres) rural catchments in Tennessee with well-defined channels and steep slopes (3%-10%).
What is time of concentration in hydrograph?
In hydrograph analysis, time of concentration is the time from the end of excess rainfall to the point on the falling limb of the dimensionless unit hydrograph (point of inflection) where the recession curve begins (fig. 15–3).
What is time of concentration in rainfall?
Time of concentration is a concept used in hydrology to measure the response of a watershed to a rain event. It is defined as the time needed for water to flow from the most remote point in a watershed to the watershed outlet.
How do you calculate sheet flow?
Narrative: The calculation of overland flow (sheet flow) length by equation 1 requires the sum of stream lengths and area of the watershed to be in consistent units. For example, if Dd is 48,900 feet, the area of the watershed also should be in square feet or 206 acres times 43,560 square feet per acre.
Why is sheet flow limited?
Why is the sheet flow limited to 300 feet? By definition, sheet flow occurs only over plane surfaces at the head of the watershed. Due to surface irregularities, sheet flow will eventually transition to shallow concentrated flow. Additional segments of other flow types can be used to handle any required length.
How to calculate the time of concentration ( TC )?
Unfortunately, coarse space and time resolutions of such data have limited their potential of shedding light on the physical meaning of the time of concentration. In practice, Tc is generally estimated by using empirical formulas at the basin scale. Giandotti’s formula (Giandotti 1934 Giandotti, M. 1934.
Which is the best definition of time of concentration?
Time of concentration (Tc) is the time required for runoff to travel from the hydraulically most distant point in the watershed to the outlet. The hydraulically most distant point is the point with the longest travel time to the watershed outlet, and not necessarily the point with the longest flow distance to the outlet.
How is the time of concentration used in hydrology?
Click on a formula to zoom. The time of concentration is a primary parameter for a variety of modern hydrological models adopted in professional and scientific communities.
Who are the authors of solving for time of concentration?
Solving for time of concentration. Martin Wanielista, Robert Kersten and Ron Eaglin. 1997. Hydrology Water Quantity and Quality Control. John Wiley & Sons. 2nd ed.