How to dissolve Antimycin A?
A stock solution may be made by dissolving the antimycin A1 in the solvent of choice. Antimycin A1 is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide, which should be purged with an inert gas. Antimycin A1 is sparingly soluble in aqueous solutions.
Is Antimycin soluble in water?
Antimycin A is soluble in DMSO at 2 mg/mL and in 95% ethanol at 50 mg/mL. It is also freely soluble in ether, acetone, and chloroform. It is insoluble in water.
What is the purpose of the Q cycle?
The Q cycle (named for quinol) describes a series of reactions that describe how the sequential oxidation and reduction of the lipophilic electron carrier, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), between the ubiquinol and ubiquinone forms, can result in the net movement of protons across a lipid bilayer (in the case of the mitochondria.
Where does Antimycin a come from?
It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison. It has a role as a mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor and an antifungal agent.
Do electrons flow from complexes I and II into the Q pool?
Complex I (NADH coenzyme Q reductase; labeled I) accepts electrons from the Krebs cycle electron carrier nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and passes them to coenzyme Q (ubiquinone; labeled Q), which also receives electrons from complex II (succinate dehydrogenase; labeled II).
Where does the Q cycle occur?
In general terms, it is remarkable that the Q-cycle mechanism is highly conserved, since not only it is found in the thylakoid membranes of photosynthetic organisms, but also in the inner mitochondrial matrix, where it serves as an energy-conserving proton-pumping mechanism in the b{c}_{1} complex as part of the …
Which complex is inhibited by cyanide?
cytochrome oxidase
Cyanide poisons the mitochondrial electron transport chain within cells and renders the body unable to derive energy (adenosine triphosphate—ATP) from oxygen. Specifically, it binds to the a3 portion (complex IV) of cytochrome oxidase and prevents cells from using oxygen, causing rapid death.
What happens to oxidative phosphorylation when someone takes cyanide?
Cyanide disrupts the ability of cells to use oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation. It does this by binding with the ferric (Fe+3) iron of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase system. The toxic step defining acute cyanide poisoning is that oxygen released by oxyhemoglobin cleavage can no longer be bound.