How does a kymograph work?
The Kymograph consists of a revolving drum wrapped in paper and a stylus that moves back and forth recording any changes such as pressure or motion on that paper. The paper would have time intervals recorded on it which allowed someone to then record the data.
What are the variables in the kymograph Assembly?
In the kymograph, these reflect three variables of the experiment – intensity, x- position and time.
What is kymograph paper for?
Kymograph, consisting of a revolving drum, bearing a record sheet (usually of smoked paper) on which a stylus moved up and down displaying the effects of the drugs on contractile tissues, was commonly used in experimental physiology and pharmacology laboratories in teaching institutions.
Which muscle is isolated from the frog and used in the experiment?
gastrocnemius muscle
This BSL PRO lesson explains how to isolate the gastrocnemius muscle of the frog and its somatic motor nerve (sciatic nerve) and describes the hardware and software setup necessary to record contractile responses resulting from an applied electrical stimulus.
Where is kymograph used?
Kymography in experimental Physiology Kymograph is generally used to study the effects of xenobiotics on tissue preparations. It is a standalone recording apparatus used alongside other apparatus such as organ bath. Writing levers are used to trace the recording from muscle contractions.
What is meant by kymograph?
Kymograph. (Science: physiology) An instrument for measuring, and recording graphically, the pressure of the blood in any of the blood vessels of a living animal.
Who invented kymograph?
Carl Ludwig designed the kymograph, or wave writer, in 1847 (Figure 1). Its initial purpose was to improve Poiseuille’s manometer, which Ludwig used for the registration of blood pressure in experimental animals [11].
What happens when muscles contract in frog?
In contraction (1), the muscle begins on the plateau but shortens down to a final length corresponding to the ascending limb of the force–length curve (figure 4). In contraction (2), the muscle begins on the descending limb but shortens down to a final length within the plateau region (figure 4).
Why is there a maximal voltage?
Why was maximal voltage observed in this experiment? At the maximal voltage, all the muscle fibers contained within the muscle are depolarized and they all develop active force (that is, they were all successfully recruited).
Who invented the first kymograph?
What is a kymograph cell biology?
A kymograph is the two-dimensional representation of position versus time, taken directly from imaging data (Fig. 8.3B and D). In a kymograph, individual mitochondria appear as lines, and their average velocity is the slope of the line (De Vos & Sheetz, 2007; Miller & Sheetz, 2004).
Does the frog have a muscular system?
Frogs and humans both use striated, or skeletal, muscles for movement. The muscles in both species are typically connected to bone by aponeuroses or tendons. A frog’s rear leg muscles are comparatively larger and stronger, to give it jumping and swimming power.
Why do you need a kymograph for frog?
To record a single muscle twitch in the gastronemius nerve-muscle preparation of frog. To record the tracings for demonstrating the treppe or staircase phenomenon using nerve muscle preparation of frog. To record the tracings for demonstrating the genesis of Tetanus in the nerve muscle preparation of frog.
How does a kymograph work to induce muscle contraction?
The stimulator within the kymograph delivers small electric pulses to the muscle or nerve tissue via a pair of platinum electrodes. If an electric current of suitable size and duration is passed through the tissue, the nerve fibres will initiate an impulse and the muscle cells will contract. The pulses are of fixed duration of 2msec each.
How did kymograph lead to Revolution of Experimental Physiology?
The kymograph, which was invented in the late 1840’s lead to the revolution of experimental physiology because it enabled muscle contractions to be analyzed and recorded. The muscle cell or fiber is the basic unit of a muscle. The frog gastrocnemius…
Can a frog be used to study muscle contraction?
In the latter, isometric, the length of the muscle is held constant as the force of contract varies. The physiology of contraction can be studied in muscles isolated from a pithed frog. The preparation can be stimulated directly by an electric shock or indirectly through activation of the appropriate motor nerve.