How is meconium-stained amniotic fluid treated?
Gentle clearing of meconium from the mouth and nose with a bulb syringe may be done if necessary. If the infant born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid presents with poor muscle tone and inadequate breathing efforts, the initial steps of resuscitation should be completed under the radiant warmer.
What are the side effects of surfactant?
Common adverse effects include endotracheal tube reflux, bradycardia, and desaturation. Using a surfactant which requires a small dosing volume may decrease the incidence of these adverse effects.
When do you give surfactant?
≥24 weeks’ gestational age: 1 For infants intubated immediately after birth, it is recommended that surfactant be given as early treatment (<2 h of age), except if the infant is on room air and minimal ventilatory support on neonatal intensive care unit admission.
When do you use surfactant?
When to give surfactant Surfactant should be used when a diagnosis of moderate or severe respiratory distress syndrome is clearly established. This will generally be on the basis of a combination of clinical, radiological, or laboratory findings.
When is the best time to give surfactant?
Ideally the dose should be given within 1 hr of birth but definitely before 2 hours of age. A repeat dose should be given within 4 – 12 hours if the patient is still intubated and requiring more than 30 to 40% oxygen.
How do you warm up surfactant?
Special considerations. Storage and handling: Surfactant is stored in a refrigerator at +2 to +8oC. Surfactant vial should be slowly warmed to room temperature and gently turned upside down in order to obtain a uniform suspension.
How is surfactant related to meconium aspiration syndrome?
The deficiency of surfactant or surfactant dysfunction may contribute to respiratory failure in a broader group of disorders, including meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). To evaluate the effect of surfactant administration in the treatment of late preterm and term infants with meconium aspiration syndrome.
What causes a baby to have meconium aspiration?
Meconium aspiration syndrome is caused when a stressed baby passes a bowel movement while still in the womb and then breathes some of this material into the lungs. Pulmonary surfactant, the complex combination of chemicals that line the surface of the lung, may be altered or inactivated in babies who have meconium aspiration.
How is Surfactant therapy used to treat RDS?
Surfactant replacement therapy has been proven beneficial in the prevention and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The deficiency of surfactant or surfactant dysfunction may contribute to respiratory failure in a broader group of disorders, including meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).
How is surfactant used in infants with MAS?
In infants with MAS, surfactant administration may reduce the severity of respiratory illness and decrease the number of infants with progressive respiratory failure requiring support with ECMO.